Northeast India’s security landscape has undergone a sweeping transformation over the last 11 years, emerging from decades of insurgency and ethnic unrest to a new era of peace and stability.
Between 2014 and 2025, consistent efforts by the central government, including historic peace accords and confidence-building measures, have brought thousands of armed cadres back into the mainstream.
Peace agreements have led to the surrender of at least 8,000 insurgents from diverse outfits since 2014, including the Bodo and Karbi groups and factions of the NSCN and ULFA.
Since 2014, insurgency-related incidents have significantly declined, with a sharp reduction in civilian casualties and deaths among security personnel. The scale of improvement has allowed the government to withdraw the Armed Forces Special Powers Act (AFSPA) completely from Tripura and Meghalaya, and partially from Assam, Manipur, Nagaland, and Arunachal Pradesh—an unprecedented step in restoring normalcy.
Adding to the atmosphere of cooperation, Assam signed boundary agreements with both Meghalaya and Arunachal Pradesh, resolving long-pending disputes and de-escalating local tensions.
The government also launched targeted rehabilitation schemes to help surrendered militants reintegrate into civil society through education, vocational training, and livelihood support.
Together, these measures mark a fundamental shift in the region’s approach to peace—from confrontation to collaboration.
